The Devastating Impact of PM2.5 Air Pollution on Children's Lungs and Hearts

Studies have shown that exposure to PM2.5 can cause temporary vascular and blood pressure responses in young individuals, which can become partially manageable if exposure is lowered in children. New Delhi: PM2.5 is composed of extremely fine air pollution particles that are so small that they can penetrate the lungs and the circulating blood of a child. Children are highly sensitive to PM2.5 due to the developmental stages of their lungs and immune systems, as well as their faster respiratory rate compared to adults. It has been known to trigger asthma, cause an increase in respiratory infections, and disrupt the growth of normal lung functioning. Recent research has also found a connection to the effects of high exposure on the levels of blood pressure and the functioning of the heart. In an interaction with News9Live, Dr Nana Kunjir, Consultant Pulmonologist and Intensivist at Sahyadri Super Speciality Hospital, Pune, explained how PM2.5 can affect lung and heart health in children. Since children have numerous years of exposure in the future, exposure to PM2.5 in the early stages of a child’s life will raise the risks of respiratory as well as cardiovascular disorders. Studies have shown that exposure to PM2.5 can cause temporary vascular and blood pressure responses in young individuals, which can become partially manageable if exposure is lowered in children. In fact, as long as their blood vessels remain responsive, exposure can lead to a decrease in stress and strain caused by exposure to such particulates. In fact, lowering exposure to such particulates can lead to vascular function improvement in children. This is consistent with exposure having a negative impact over a series of years. Parents can avoid PM2.5 by monitoring the air quality every day and advising children to avoid playing outdoors when there is high air pollution. Indoor measures include utilising air cleaners with HEPA filters, closing windows during peak air pollutant times, and preventing indoor sources of smoke. Rinsing hands and faces after playing outdoors is essential for children. Parents should collaborate with educational institutions to schedule outdoor games for children when there is less air pollution. Eating lots of fruits and vegetables may also decrease inflammatory responses associated with exposure to pollutants. Yes, paediatricians could at least keep a closer eye on blood pressure in kids who live in areas with high pollution levels. Although high blood pressure is rare in children, pollution is emerging as a risk factor even in early life related to heart problems, and regular checks can pick up even the slightest changes before they escalate into serious conditions. It becomes even more necessary in children who already have asthma, are obese, or in families where heart disease is common.